Indeed, due to the unstableness of the left side, a plate has been made with coarse-grained alluvial material, standing on a stone plinth. The two banks are characterised by different materials and different slopes. The dam, characterised by a concavity-facing valley, is 792 m long at the top, where a paved road connects the left and right sides of the dam. The sealed coat stands on a reinforced concrete structure with a thickness of 80 cm fitted below the bulkhead in reinforced concrete. The dam (named Castello after the ruin of the castle “Castello della Pietra d’Amico” located near the left bank of the reservoir) has a semicircular shape ( Figure 1b) it is built of coarse-grained homogeneous alluvium from the valley, and limestone and is covered by a sealed coat of bituminous conglomerate. Despite limits related to wind conditions and surrounding morphology, SAR sensors allow also the detection of dam displacements by applying interferometric procedures. They concluded that the reservoir surface can be monitored accurately by discarding SAR images in which wind enhances surface roughness in relation to their intensity and direction. Indeed, the segmentation algorithm removed most of the pixels outside the reservoir even though some misclassified pixels were kept, but the subsequent clumping algorithm was not able to remove all pixels not classified as water within the water body. The authors highlighted that surface backscatter is influenced by local wind conditions reduced the classification performance. Some authors have quantified the water extent from COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) SAR images using an automatic classification procedure, including clumping and segmentation preprocessing. Using the methods implemented for optical images, SAR images can also be employed to monitor the extent of the water surface. Over the last few years, it has been shown that optical satellite technologies are able to determine the variation of water level by quantifying the extent of the water surface.
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